BadButton

Pitch

2005-04-04T07:32:00.000-07:00

In Western music, standard pitches have long been used to facilitate tuning. Usually

Gaius

2005-04-04T03:21:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Caius Roman jurist whose writings became authoritative in the late Roman Empire. The Law of Citations (426), issued by the eastern Roman emperor Theodosius II, named Gaius one of five jurists (the others were Papinian, Ulpian, Modestinus, and Paulus) whose doctrines were to be followed by judges in deciding cases. The Institutiones (“Institutes”) of the Byzantine emperor Justinian

World War I

2005-04-04T00:37:00.000-07:00

Dwight E. Lee (ed.), The Outbreak of the First World War: Causes and Responsibilities, 4th ed. (1975), is a good introduction to the debate on the origins of World War I. A more detailed account is provided in Luigi Albertini, The Origins of the War of 1914, 3 vol. (1952–57, reprinted 1980; originally published in Italian, 1942–43). A comprehensive general account of the war is Bernadotte E. Schmitt and Harold C. Vedeler, The World in the Crucible, 1914–1919 (1984). The standard military histories are Basil Henry Liddell Hart, A History of the World War, 1914–1918, enl. ed. (1934, reprinted 1970); Cyril B. Falls, The Great War (1959); and Marc Ferro, The Great War, 1914–1918 (1973, reprinted 1987; originally published in French, 1969). J.E. Edmonds (comp.), A Short History of World War I (1951, reprinted 1968); and John Terraine, The Great War, 1914–1918: A Pictorial History (1965, reprinted 1978), are useful introductions. Naval operations during the war are discussed in Arthur J. Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904–1919, 5 vol. (1961–70). International diplomacy during the war is treated in Z.A.B. Zeman, The Gentlemen Negotiators (1971; U.K. title, A Diplomatic History of the First World War).

Paradox

2005-04-03T11:26:00.000-07:00

Apparently self-contradictory statement, the underlying meaning of which is revealed only by careful scrutiny. The purpose of a paradox is to arrest attention and provoke fresh thought. The statement “Less is more” is an example. Francis Bacon's saying, “The most corrected copies are commonly the least correct,” is an earlier literary example. In George Orwell's anti-utopian

Gravel

2005-04-03T08:57:00.000-07:00

Fragments in gravel range in size from pebbles

Animal Worship

2005-04-02T10:13:00.000-08:00

Veneration of an animal, usually because of its connection with a particular deity. The term was used by Western religionists in a pejorative manner and by ancient Greek and Roman polemicists against theriomorphic religions—those religions whose gods are represented in animal form. Most examples given for animal worship in primitive religions, however, are

Duarte, José Napoleon

2005-04-01T19:08:00.000-08:00

Duarte studied civil engineering at Notre Dame University in the United States (B.S., 1948). In 1960 he was a founder of the centre-right Christian Democratic Party. While he was mayor of San Salvador (1964–70) his administration

Breckland

2005-03-31T10:56:00.000-08:00

The name Breckland was first applied in 1894 by the Norfolk naturalist W.G.

Anthony, Katharine (susan)

2005-03-31T03:26:00.000-08:00

A college teacher of geometry, Anthony was deeply interested in psychiatry. Eventually this interest came to shape her approach to biography,

Aselli, Gaspare

2005-03-30T21:56:00.000-08:00

Aselli became professor of anatomy and surgery at the University of Pavia and practiced at Milan. His discovery of the lacteals (lymph vessels that take up the end products of fat digestion from the intestine) occurred

Keres, Paul

2005-03-29T23:22:00.000-08:00

Keres began to learn chess at the age of 4 by watching his father, and he played chess publicly at age 13. While he was still in his teens, Keres

Tereshkova, Valentina

2005-03-28T08:42:00.000-08:00

Although she had no pilot training, Tereshkova was an accomplished amateur parachutist

Brie

2005-03-28T02:51:00.000-08:00

The preliminary soft curd of Brie is molded in flat, pancakelike rounds 9–15 inches (23–38 cm) in diameter and 1–1.5 inches (2.5–3.8 cm) in thickness. After the curd becomes firm, the cheese is sprayed with spores of penicillium candidum, a mold that forms a thin, downy white crust. The cheese ripens within

Halston

2005-03-28T00:49:00.000-08:00

Halston studied at Indiana University and the Art Institute of Chicago and operated a millinery shop in Chicago before joining milliner Lilly Daché in New York City. In 1959 he became a milliner for Bergdorf Goodman; in 1966 he expanded his line into clothes

Aubigné, Théodore-agrippa D'

2005-03-26T09:16:00.000-08:00

Major late 16th-century poet, renowned Huguenot captain, polemicist, and historian of his own times. After studies in Paris, Orléans, Geneva, and Lyon, he joined the Huguenot forces and served throughout the Wars of Religion on the battlefield and in the council chamber. He was écuyer (“master of horse”) to Henry of Navarre. After Henry's accession to

Dahlbergh, Eric, Count (greve)

2005-03-26T07:14:00.000-08:00

After serving as an engineer (1655–57) in Sweden's Polish campaign, Dahlbergh returned to fight

Aomori

2005-03-25T14:24:00.000-08:00

Northernmost ken (prefecture) on the island of Honshu, Japan. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean (east), the Tsugaru Strait (north), and the Sea of Japan (west). The peninsulas of Tsugaru and Shimokita enclose Mutsu Bay. Aomori has a relatively poor agricultural economy that is handicapped by long, cold, snowy winters and poor drainage. Rice and Japan's largest apple crop are

Pen Drawing

2005-03-24T17:58:00.000-08:00

Artwork executed wholly or in part with pen and ink, usually on paper. Pen drawing is fundamentally a linear method of making images. In pure pen drawing in which the artist wishes to supplement his outlines with tonal suggestions of three-dimensional form, modeling must necessarily be effected by the close juxtaposition of a series of strokes forming areas of hatching

Kaesong

2005-03-24T00:03:00.000-08:00

City, southwestern North Korea. It lies just south of the 38th parallel and northwest of Seoul, South Korea. One of the oldest cities of Korea, Kaesong was the capital of the Koryo dynasty (935–1392). It was formerly called Songdo (“City of Pine”), so named because it is surrounded by pine-covered mountains: Songak (2,506 feet [764 m]), Osong (3,483 feet), Nam (584 feet), and Mansu (754 feet). Kaesong is a castle city enclosed by a

Musical Sound, Aerophones

2005-03-23T17:21:00.000-08:00

Brass instruments consist of a long tube whose cross section is proportionately small. Coupled with a mouthpiece that,

Bailey, Donovan

2005-03-22T04:33:00.000-08:00

At the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Ga., Canadian sprinter Donovan Bailey won the 100-m dash in 9.84 sec to earn the appellation "the world's fastest man." Then he ran the last leg of the 4 ´100-m relay and helped the Canadian team win a gold medal in that event. These were impressive accomplishments for a man who had emerged as a factor in international track only in 1994 and did not set a world record

Somalia, Forestry

2005-03-21T13:40:00.000-08:00

The acacia species of the thorny savanna in southern Somalia supply good timber and are the major source of charcoal, but charcoal production has long exceeded ecologically acceptable limits. More efficient and careful handling of Boswellia, Commiphora, and other resin-exuding trees could increase yields of aromatic gums.

Aurunci

2005-03-20T19:41:00.000-08:00

Ancient tribe of Campania, in Italy. They were exterminated by the Romans in 295 BC as the culmination of 50 years of Roman military campaigns against them. The Aurunci occupied a strip of coast situated between the Volturnus and Liris (Volturno and Liri) rivers in the modern province of Caserta, with their capital at Suessa (modern Sessa Aurunca). No written record of their language

Yüeh-fu

2005-03-19T15:42:00.000-08:00

Pinyin yuefu form of Chinese poetry derived from the folk-ballad tradition. The yüeh-fu takes its name from the Yüeh Fu (“Music Bureau”), created in 120 BC by Emperor Wu-ti for the purpose of collecting songs and their musical scores for ceremonial occasions at court. The music for these songs was later lost, but the words remained, forming a collection of Han dynasty (206 BC–AD 220) folk poetry that served

Canadian River

2005-03-19T05:22:00.000-08:00

River that rises in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, northeastern New Mexico, U.S., and flows southward across the Las Vegas Plains, cutting a gorge nearly 1,500 feet (450 m) deep in the Canadian escarpment before turning eastward. It continues through the Texas Panhandle in a deep, narrow valley cut into reddish sandstones, the walls of which are known locally as the “breaks,” and flows

Pavía Y Rodríguez De Alburquerque, Manuel

2005-03-18T22:13:00.000-08:00

In 1865 Pavía joined the staff of Gen. Juan Prim, whom he supported in the unsuccessful uprisings of 1866 and, after two years in exile, in the successful revolution of 1868 that deposed Isabella II (1833–68). After the abdication of Amadeus (February 1873) and the proclamation of the First Republic, Pavía suppressed

Bavand Dynasty

2005-03-18T08:05:00.000-08:00

The origins and early years of the dynasty

Ferdinand Ii

2005-03-18T04:23:00.000-08:00

The son of Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (and cousin of Prince Albert of Great Britain), he was married to Maria in January 1836, only 10 months after the sudden death of

Calbayog

2005-03-18T03:55:00.000-08:00

City, on the western coast of Samar Island, Philippines. The city lies along the Samar Sea at the mouth of the Calbayog River. It is a religious and educational centre, with fishing and mat-making the main industries. Calbayog is a regular port of call for interisland ships, since it is less subject to storms than is the northern coast. It is a leading exporter of abaca and

Milky Way Galaxy, Emission nebulas

2005-03-16T17:55:00.000-08:00

A conspicuous component of the Galaxy is the collection of large, bright, diffuse gaseous objects generally called nebulas. The brightest of these cloudlike objects are the emission nebulas, large complexes of interstellar gas and stars in which the gas exists in an ionized and excited state (with the electrons of the atoms excited to a higher than normal energy

Differential Gear

2005-03-16T08:31:00.000-08:00

In automotive mechanics, gear arrangement that permits power from the engine to be transmitted to a pair of driving wheels, dividing the force equally between them but permitting them to follow paths of different lengths, as when turning a corner or traversing an uneven road. On a straight road the wheels rotate at the same speed; when turning a corner the outside

Cheirolepis

2005-03-15T21:49:00.000-08:00

Extinct genus of primitive fishes whose fossils are found in European and North American rocks of the Devonian period (408 to 360 million years ago). The genus Cheirolepis is representative of the paleoniscoids, a group of primitive bony fishes, and may represent the common ancestor of the later, more progressive bony fishes. Cheirolepis was slim and streamlined,

Carter, Don

2005-03-15T20:39:00.000-08:00

A charter member and first president of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA; founded in 1958), Carter began bowling as a boy while working as a pinsetter, built his own lane in the basement of the family home, and joined the St. Louis Budweiser team in 1953. Carter was six times bowler of the

Spanish Marriages, Affair Of The

2005-03-15T01:37:00.000-08:00

The political maneuvering surrounding the dual marriages (October 10, 1846) of Queen Isabella II of Spain to her cousin Francisco de Asís de Bourbon, duque de Cadiz, and of her younger sister and heiress to the throne, Luisa Fernanda, to Antoine, duc de Montpensier, the youngest son of King Louis-Philippe of France. The marriages revived dynastic ties between Spain and France

Adamawa-ubangi Languages

2005-03-14T14:35:00.000-08:00

Formerly Adamawa-Eastern languages branch of the Niger-Congo language family consisting of 120 languages spoken by approximately 12 million people in an area that stretches from northeastern Nigeria across northern Cameroon, southern Chad, the Central African Republic, and northern Congo (Kinshasa) into southwestern Sudan. Recent lexicostatistical studies have shown that Adamawa-Ubangi languages

World War Ii, Montgomery's Battle of el-Alamein and Rommel's retreat, 194243

2005-03-13T17:17:00.000-08:00

By mid-October the British 8th Army had 230,000 men

Differential Gear

2005-03-13T04:34:00.000-08:00

Organization of Caribbean nations and dependencies that was established in 1973 by the Treaty of Chaguaramas. It replaced the former Caribbean Free Trade Association (Carifta), which had become effective in 1968. The treaty spurred the development of associate institutions, including the Caribbean Development Bank and the Organization of East Caribbean States, both

Kazakhstan, Flag Of

2005-03-12T16:15:00.000-08:00

The Kazakhs are (in part) descended from the “Blue Horde”—Turkic-Mongol peoples who, centuries ago, flew the “Blue Banner” in Central Asia. The colour also stands for the great skies under which these traditionally nomadic peoples have lived. Light blue was chosen as the background for the national flag of Kazakhstan officially adopted in June 1992. The designer of the flag

Dryden, John

2005-03-12T02:33:00.000-08:00

The abdication of James II in 1688 destroyed Dryden's political prospects, and he lost his

Ramkhamhaeng

2005-03-11T20:03:00.000-08:00

On the death of his brother, King Ban Muang, about 1279, Ramkhamhaeng inherited his tiny kingdom of only a few hundred square miles. Over the next two decades—by careful diplomacy, shrewd alliances, and military

Siddur

2005-03-11T05:52:00.000-08:00

Plural siddurim , or siddurs Jewish prayer book, which contains the entire Jewish liturgy used on the ordinary sabbath and on weekdays for domestic as well as synagogue ritual. It is distinguished from the mahzor, which is the prayer book used for the High Holidays. The prayers and benedictions of a siddur breathe Old Testament sentiments of praise, thanksgiving, petition, intercession, acknowledgment

Kilian, Saint

2005-03-10T15:54:00.000-08:00

Missionary bishop who, with his companions Saints Colman and Totnan, gave his life for the Christianization of Thuringia and eastern Franconia. At Würzburg, in about 689, all three were beheaded by orders of Duke Gozbert of Würzburg, whom Kilian had supposedly converted and baptized. In 752 Bishop Burchard

Claes, Ernest

2005-03-10T15:48:00.000-08:00

Claes treated several subjects. Animals and children were the subject of such works as Floere het fluwijn (1950; “Floere the Polecat”)

China, Urban areas

2005-03-09T08:19:00.000-08:00

The dramatic change in the urban landscape is the result of the rapid development of modern manufacturing industries and of communications. Many new towns and cities

Baselevel

2005-03-09T00:53:00.000-08:00

In hydrology and geomorphology, limit below which a stream cannot erode. Upon entering a still body of water, a stream's velocity is checked and thus it loses its eroding power; hence, the approximate level of the surface of the still water body is the stream's baselevel. If a stream enters the sea, its baselevel is sea level; this is known as ultimate baselevel. If a stream

Kuala Kangsar

2005-03-07T21:19:00.000-08:00

Town, northwestern West Malaysia (Malaya). It lies along the Perak River and the main west coast road and rail network. It was the site (1897) of the first conference of rulers of the Federated Malay States. Now a collecting centre for a rice- and rubber-growing area (the first rubber trees cultivated in Malaya were planted there), Kuala Kangsar is the royal town of Perak state with

Catanduanes

2005-03-07T19:50:00.000-08:00

Island, east-central Philippines, in the Philippine Sea, separated from southeastern Luzon (Rungus Point) by the shallow Maqueda Channel. The island has an area of 550 square miles (1,425 square km). Farming is diversified (rice, corn [maize], copra, abaca) on the hilly, rolling land. Virac, the chief port, is on the southern coast in a lowland area. The island is known for its stone churches.

Lennox, Charlotte

2005-03-07T04:10:00.000-08:00

Charlotte Ramsay was the daughter of a British army officer who was said to have been lieutenant governor of the colony of New York.

Redgrave, Vanessa

2005-03-07T02:13:00.000-08:00

Called “the greatest actress of our time” by the playwright Tennessee Williams, Vanessa Redgrave came from a legendary theatrical family. Her father, Sir Michael Redgrave, was one of Britain's most popular and respected actors, and her mother, Rachel Kempson, was a noted stage

Balch, Emily Greene

2005-03-06T06:28:00.000-08:00

American sociologist, political scientist, economist, and pacifist, a leader of the women's movement for peace during and after World War I. She received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1946 jointly with John Raleigh Mott. She was also noted for her sympathetic and thorough study of Slavic immigrants

Clapboard

2005-03-05T14:54:00.000-08:00

Cleft oak clapboard was introduced to New England in the

Clovis I

2005-03-05T09:48:00.000-08:00

Clovis was the son

Welti, (friedrich) Emil

2005-03-04T19:28:00.000-08:00

Political leader and Landammann (chief executive) of his native canton of Aargau in 1858, 1862, and 1866, Welti entered the federal Ständerat (council of cantons) in 1857 and subsequently served as assembly president (1860, 1866). Elected to the federal executive (Bundesrat)

Triconodon

2005-03-03T19:14:00.000-08:00

Genus of extinct primitive mammals found in Europe as fossil deposits of the Late Jurassic (163 to 144 million years ago). Triconodon is representative of the triconodonts, known throughout the world in regions as widely separated as North America, Europe, and China. Triconodon, a relatively large animal for its time (most early mammals were very small), was about the size of

Mason, James Murray

2005-03-03T09:24:00.000-08:00

Although raised a Tidewater aristocrat, Mason graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and, after studying law at the College of William and Mary, set up his practice in the Virginia back country. He served in

Hertfordshire

2005-03-02T20:14:00.000-08:00

Administrative and historic county of southern England, adjoining Greater London to the south. The administrative county and the historic county cover slightly different areas. The administrative county comprises 10 districts: East Hertfordshire, North Hertfordshire, Three Rivers, and Welwyn Hatfield; the boroughs of Broxbourne, Dacorum, Hertsmere, Stevenage

Chiabrera, Gabriello

2005-03-02T14:56:00.000-08:00

Chiabrera studied philosophy in Rome, lived for a time in the household of a cardinal, and then returned to Savona, where civic and diplomatic posts and the protection of several princes gave him the leisure

Arabia, History Of, The rise of Islam

2005-03-02T06:23:00.000-08:00

After Muhammad's entry into Mecca the tribes linked with Quraysh came to negotiate with him and to accept Islam; this meant little more than giving up their local deities and worshiping Allah alone. They had to pay the tax, but this was not novel because the tribal chiefs had already been taxed to protect the Meccan haram. Many tribesmen probably waited to join the winner.

Rouher, Eugène

2005-03-02T03:21:00.000-08:00

He was elected to the National Assembly in 1848, and his conservative attitudes and fear of disorder led him to support Louis-Napoléon. Appointed minister of justice in 1849, he suppressed

Shamanism, Forms of ecstasy

2005-02-28T20:10:00.000-08:00

The shaman may fulfill his obligations either by communicating with the spirits at will or through ecstasy. The latter has two forms: possession ecstasy, in which the body of the shaman is possessed by the spirit, and wandering ecstasy, in which his soul departs into the realm of spirits. In passive ecstasy the possessed gets into an intense mental state and shows superhuman

Euro

2005-02-28T18:31:00.000-08:00

The euro's origins lay in

Anthropomorphism

2005-02-28T13:27:00.000-08:00

The attribution of human form or other human characteristics to any nonhuman object. In religion, the term is applied to any statement that depicts the deity as having a bodily form resembling that of human beings, or as possessing qualities of thought, will, or emotion that are continuous with those experienced by humans. Any reference to the divine as having a human

Los Angeles Zoo, The

2005-02-28T04:28:00.000-08:00

Byname Griffith Park Zoo, zoological park founded in 1912 in Los Angeles as the Griffith Park Menagerie. It is a completely outdoor zoo that has holdings of the emperor tamarin, mountain tapir, and California condor. The Los Angeles Zoo was also the first to breed the tarictic hornbill. Comprising a main zoo and a children's zoo, it occupies 46 hectares (113 acres) of Griffith Park, a large city-owned park. The

Lower Canada

2005-02-26T20:05:00.000-08:00

In Canadian history, the region in Canada now known as Quebec. Known as Lower Canada from 1791 to 1841, the region became known as Canada East (q.v.) with the Act of Union of 1841. See also Quebec.

Man, Isle Of

2005-02-25T20:55:00.000-08:00

The Isle of Man

Cheduba Island

2005-02-25T15:02:00.000-08:00

Also called Manaung Island, island in the Bay of Bengal, southwestern Myanmar (Burma). It lies about 30 miles (50 km) west of Taungup on the Arakan Coast and is separated from Ramree Island to the north by the Cheduba Strait. It is 20 miles (32 km) long and 17 miles (27 km) wide and has an area of 202 square miles (523 square km). Cheduba was a stopping place on the historic coastal trade route from Bengal (India) by which Indian civilization

Hei River

2005-02-25T05:04:00.000-08:00

Wade–Giles romanization Hei Ho , Pinyin Hei He river rising in central Kansu province, China, and flowing into the western Ala Shan Desert in western Inner Mongolia autonomous region. The river is formed by a series of small glacier-fed rivers flowing north from the Nan and Ch'i-lien mountain ranges in Kansu, between Chang-yeh and Chiu-ch'üan. It then flows northward across the desert into a depression filled with

Korean Literature

2005-02-25T03:11:00.000-08:00

Although Korea has had its own language for several thousand years, it has had a writing system only since the mid-15th century, when Hangul

Venango

2005-02-24T18:46:00.000-08:00

Venango county was formed in 1800; its name was derived from an Iroquoian Indian word probably meaning “bull thistle.” In August 1859 Edwin L. Drake triggered Pennsylvania's oil boom

Scheer, Reinhard

2005-02-23T16:03:00.000-08:00

Scheer entered the German navy in 1879 and by 1907 had become the captain of a battleship. He became chief of staff of the High Seas Fleet under Henning von Holtzendorff in 1910 and commander of a battle squadron in 1913. After the outbreak of World War I, he

Wolfram Von Eschenbach

2005-02-23T10:02:00.000-08:00

An impoverished Bavarian knight, Wolfram apparently served a succession of Franconian lords: Abensberg, Wildenberg, and Wertheim are among the places he names in his work. He also knew the court of

Friuli-venezia Giulia

2005-02-23T05:16:00.000-08:00

Regione of northeastern Italy, bordering north and east on Austria and Slovenia, south on the Adriatic Sea, and west on Veneto regione; it has an area of 3,030 square miles (7,847 square km) and comprises the provincias of Udine, Pordenone, Gorizia, and Trieste. In the north the solid wall of the Carnine Alps, broken only by the Plöcken Pass (Passo di Monte Croce) and the low Tarvisio saddle,

Interior Design, Fabrics

2005-02-22T21:44:00.000-08:00

There are three basic aspects that determine appearance and suitability of fabrics for interior use: fibre content, weave, and pattern. Fibres are either natural or man-made. The important natural fibres are cotton, wool, linen, and silk. Although silk has long been considered the most elegant and desirable of all natural fibres, it does not stand up well under direct

Taganrog

2005-02-22T06:43:00.000-08:00

City and seaport, Rostov oblast (province), southwestern Russia. It lies on the northern coast of Taganrog Gulf of the Sea of Azov. Founded as a fortress and naval base in 1698 by Peter I the Great, Taganrog developed in the 19th century as a grain-exporting port. Although overshadowed by Rostov-na-Donu, it is still a significant port for the Donets Basin coalfield and industrial

Myanmar, Traditional regions

2005-02-21T18:55:00.000-08:00

Speakers of Burmese and Mon historically have lived in the plains, while speakers of a dialect of Burmese retaining archaic features occupied the Arakan and Tenasserim coastal plains. The hills were inhabited by those speaking Shan, Kachin, Chin, and numerous other languages. In the plains the division between northern and southern Myanmar (Upper and Lower Burma,

Neorealism

2005-02-21T08:17:00.000-08:00

The movement was rooted in the 1920s and, though suppressed for nearly two decades by Fascist control, emerged in great strength after the Fascist regime fell at the end of World War II. Neorealismo is similar in general aims to the earlier Italian movement verismo (Realism), from which it originated, but differs in that its upsurge was brought about by the intense feelings,

Base

2005-02-20T07:27:00.000-08:00

Also called Radix, in mathematics, an arbitrarily chosen number in terms of which any number can be expressed. See number system.

Spahn, Warren

2005-02-19T13:43:00.000-08:00

In full Warren Edward Spahn American professional baseball player whose total of 363 major-league victories established a record for left-handed pitchers. His feat of winning 20 or more games in each of 13 seasons also was a record for left-handers. He set still another mark by striking out at least 100 batters each year for 17 consecutive seasons

Dzungarian Basin

2005-02-19T03:58:00.000-08:00

The basin is located between the Mongolian Altai Mountains, on the Sino-Mongolian border, to the north, and the P'o-lo-k'o-nu and O-ha-pu-t'e mountains to the south; the latter run east and west immediately to the north of the Tien Shan (“Celestial Mountains”). To the east and southeast, respectively, the basin is

Coimbra, Pedro, 1o Duque De

2005-02-18T23:32:00.000-08:00

The second of the “illustrious generation,” comprising the sons of John I and Philippa of Lancaster, Pedro was present at the conquest of Ceuta from the Muslims in 1415 and later traveled abroad in Europe,

Sorosilicate

2005-02-18T08:01:00.000-08:00

Formerly called Pyrosilicate, any member of a group of compounds with structures that have two silicate tetrahedrons (a central silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron) linked together. Because one oxygen atom is shared by two tetrahedrons, the chemical formula contains Si2O7, as in melilite or hemimorphite.

Delhi Zoological Park

2005-02-18T02:05:00.000-08:00

The collection includes good breeding groups of white tigers and brow-antlered deer. Many of the animals are displayed in barless, moated enclosures, while a colony

Typhoon

2005-02-17T11:59:00.000-08:00

Conceived as a replacement for Hawker Aircraft's Hurricane, the Typhoon was a low-wing monoplane designed to a January 1938 specification. Powered by a liquid-cooled, 24-cylinder, 2,200-horsepower Napier Sabre engine, it first flew in early 1940. Intended to be an interceptor, the Typhoon was the first

Xavier University

2005-02-17T05:45:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic church. The university comprises colleges of Arts and Sciences, Business Administration, and Social Sciences. In addition to undergraduate studies, Xavier offers about 25 master's degree programs, notably in the fields of education

Qutb-ud-din Aybak

2005-02-15T21:09:00.000-08:00

In childhood Qutb was sold as a slave and raised at Nishapur. He came into the possession of Muhammad of Ghur, who put him in charge of the royal stables. Eventually he was appointed to military command, and in 1193, after conquering Delhi, Muhammad returned to Khorasan and left the consolidation of the

Tank

2005-02-15T19:28:00.000-08:00

The need to cross rivers and other water obstacles led to the development of amphibious tanks, beginning with the British Medium D, designed in 1918. Amphibious tanks built during 1920s and '30s sacrificed armament and armour to achieve low weight in relation to their bulk and, therefore, sufficient buoyancy to float. This confined their usefulness to reconnaissance. A late

Alyattes

2005-02-15T08:21:00.000-08:00

Soon after succeeding his father, King Sadyattes, Alyattes started five consecutive years of raids that devastated the farmland around the Greek city of Miletus on the southwestern coast of Anatolia. He moved eastward, battling the Medes for five

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Fable

2005-02-15T07:58:00.000-08:00

E. Chambry, Fables (1927), in Greek and French; S.A. Handford, Fables of Aesop (1956); B. Pares, Krylov's Fables (1926); Marianne Moore, Fables of La Fontaine (1954). For commentary on fables, see P. Clarac, La Fontaine, l'homme et l'oeuvre (1947); B.E. Perry, Aesopica (1952).

Adams, William Taylor

2005-02-13T20:58:00.000-08:00

Although he never graduated from college, Adams was a teacher and principal in Boston elementary schools for more than 20 years. Under the pen name Oliver Optic, he wrote

Wyoming

2005-02-13T17:51:00.000-08:00

When European

Janequin, Clément

2005-02-13T11:55:00.000-08:00

He worked in Bordeaux in the service of Lancelot du Fau, who became bishop of Luçon, and later for the bishop of Bordeaux. He entered the priesthood and in 1525 became canon of St. Emilion.

Tsubouchi Shoyo

2005-02-13T09:57:00.000-08:00

Pseudonym of Tsubouchi Yuzo playwright, novelist, critic, and translator who occupied a prominent position in Japanese letters for nearly half a century. He wrote the first major work of modern Japanese literary criticism, Shosetsu shinzui (1885–86; “The Essence of the Novel”), translated the complete works of William Shakespeare, helped found the modern Japanese

Soissons, Louis De Bourbon, Count (comte) De

2005-02-11T20:48:00.000-08:00

The only son of Charles de Bourbon, he inherited his father's Soissons title in 1612. After taking the side of Marie de Médicis, the queen mother, in 1620, he served Louis XIII against the Huguenots in 1622. Later involved in intrigues against Cardinal

Akutagawa Prize

2005-02-11T13:46:00.000-08:00

The Akutagawa Prize was created in 1935 by the

Anderson, Regina M.

2005-02-11T11:05:00.000-08:00

Anderson attended several colleges, including Wilberforce University in Ohio and the University of Chicago. She received a Master of Library Science degree from Columbia University

Scypha

2005-02-10T14:28:00.000-08:00

Also called Sycon, genus of marine sponges of the class Calcispongiae (calcareous sponges), characterized by a fingerlike body shape known as the syconoid type of structure. In the syconoid sponges, each “finger,” known as a radial canal, is perforated by many tiny pores through which water passes into the central cavity. The water exits through an oscule, or larger opening, at the tip. Scypha

Christians Of Saint Thomas

2005-02-10T05:13:00.000-08:00

The origins of the Christians of St. Thomas are uncertain, though they seem to have been in existence before the 6th century AD and probably

Race, Immigration and the racial worldview

2005-02-10T00:09:00.000-08:00

In the 1860s, when Chinese labourers immigrated to the United States to build the Central Pacific Railroad, a new population with both physical and cultural differences had to be accommodated within the racial worldview. While industrial employers were eager to get this new and cheap labour, the ordinary white public was stirred to anger by the presence of this “yellow

Steamer Duck

2005-02-09T21:39:00.000-08:00

(genus Tachyeres), any of four species of heavily built, big-billed sea ducks of southernmost South America and the Falkland Islands. The bird is named for its habit of running across the water with wings thrashing like a paddle-wheel steamboat. Of the four species, T. pteneres, T. brachypterus, and T. leucocephalus are flightless and a bit larger than the mallard-size flying

Lena River

2005-02-09T03:57:00.000-08:00

The Lena is navigable by small boats in sections below Kachug and below Ust-Kut by larger vessels. The most important ports are Bulun, Zhigansk, Yakutsk, Vitim, Kirensk, Osetrovo, Zhigalovo, and Kachug. The major navigable tributaries are the Kirenga and Vilyuy on the left bank and the Vitim, Olyokma, and Aldan on the right bank. Timber, furs, gold, mica, industrial products,

BadButton

Pitch

Gaius

World War I

Paradox

Gravel

Animal Worship

Duarte, José Napoleon

Breckland

Anthony, Katharine (susan)

Aselli, Gaspare

Keres, Paul

Tereshkova, Valentina

Brie

Halston

Aubigné, Théodore-agrippa D'

Dahlbergh, Eric, Count (greve)

Aomori

Pen Drawing

Kaesong

Musical Sound, Aerophones

Bailey, Donovan

Somalia, Forestry

Aurunci

Yüeh-fu

Canadian River

Pavía Y Rodríguez De Alburquerque, Manuel

Bavand Dynasty

Ferdinand Ii

Calbayog

Milky Way Galaxy, Emission nebulas

Differential Gear

Cheirolepis

Carter, Don

Spanish Marriages, Affair Of The

Adamawa-ubangi Languages

World War Ii, Montgomery's Battle of el-Alamein and Rommel's retreat, 194243

Differential Gear

Kazakhstan, Flag Of

Dryden, John

Ramkhamhaeng

Siddur

Kilian, Saint

Claes, Ernest

China, Urban areas

Baselevel

Kuala Kangsar

Catanduanes

Lennox, Charlotte

Redgrave, Vanessa

Balch, Emily Greene

Clapboard

Clovis I

Welti, (friedrich) Emil

Triconodon

Mason, James Murray

Hertfordshire

Chiabrera, Gabriello

Arabia, History Of, The rise of Islam

Rouher, Eugène

Shamanism, Forms of ecstasy

Euro

Anthropomorphism

Los Angeles Zoo, The

Lower Canada

Man, Isle Of

Cheduba Island

Hei River

Korean Literature

Venango

Scheer, Reinhard

Wolfram Von Eschenbach

Friuli-venezia Giulia

Interior Design, Fabrics

Taganrog

Myanmar, Traditional regions

Neorealism

Base

Spahn, Warren

Dzungarian Basin

World War Ii, Montgomery's Battle of el-Alamein and Rommel's retreat, 194243